Brief Introduction
I. Main Content
Statistics in this chapter show basic situation of agricultural production and rural economy in Beijing, mainly consisting of statistics for rural grass-root organizations, population and employment, arable land, output of agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing, production of main agricultural products, facility agriculture, agricultural sightseeing gardens, folk-custom tourism, investment in fixed assets in rural areas, township enterprises, income and distribution of rural economy.
II. Scope of Statistics
Statistics on agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing cover all related producing entities, producers affiliated to non-agricultural departments, as well as farmers¡¯ agricultural production activities. Production by the military commission system shall also be included (except for army horse breeding), but the production by scientific testing agencies is not included.
1. Agriculture: It refers to the growing of various agricultural crops, including grains, beans, potatoes, cotton, oil plants, sugar plants, fiber plants, tobacco leaves, vegetables, edible fungus, flower bonsai and gardening products, fruits, nuts, feedstuff, and spice crops, herbs, and other crops.
2. Forestry: It includes tree planting (except for the cultivation, management and harvest of tea gardens, mulberry fields, and orchards), the logging of timber and bamboo, and the collection of forestry products.
3. Animal production and hunting: It includes the breeding and grazing of livestock, poultry agriculture, as well as hunting and breeding of wildlife.
4. Fishing: It falls into two parts: freshwater agriculture and mariculture, including the cultivation and fishing for aquatic animals and algae.
Statistics for social and economic development in rural areas cover social and economic activities of all villages and towns within the jurisdiction.
III. Source of Statistics
Statistics on township enterprises were provided by Beijing Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology. Statistics on income distribution in rural economy were provided by the Operation and Management Station of Rural Cooperative Economy, Beijing Research Center for Rural Economy. Statistics on arable land were provided by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources. Forestry statistics were provided by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry. Statistics on aquatic products were provided by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture. Statistics on rural basic organization were provided by Beijing Municipal Bureau of civil Affairs. All other statistics were provided by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics and National Bureau of Statistics Survey Office in Beijing.
IV. Method for Survey and Counting
Based on agricultural production characteristics, the gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing was calculated by the ¡°product approach¡±--that is to multiply production volume by the unit price, so as to get output value of each product, then sum it up by category, namely agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing; and the sum total of these categories will be gross output value of the whole sector.
(1) Agriculture: including cereal and other crops; vegetables, edible mushrooms, flower bonsai and gardening products; fruits, nuts, beverage, spices, and herbs.
(2) Forestry: including the cultivation and planting of forest trees; logging of timber and bamboo; and collection of forestry products.
(3) Animal production and hunting: including the breeding and grazing of animals other than fish breeding, as well as hunting and breeding of wildlife.
(4) Fishing: including cultivation and catching of aquatic animals and seaweed plants.
(5) Service: the output value equals the operating income of services in support of agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing.
Prior to 1957, China¡¯s gross agricultural output value included the output of barnyard manure and handicraft products for self-consumption (e.g. clothes, shoes, socks, and primary grain processing by peasants). Since 1958, output value of bamboo and timber logging by villages and units subordinated to villages has been included in the statistics of forestry; output value of barnyard manure has been excluded from animal production and hunting statistics; subsistence handicrafts has been excluded from sideline products output value; and the output value of aquatic products by marine fishing has been added to fishing. Since 1980, the output value of industrial commodities operated by rural households has been included in the output value of sideline products. Since 1984, industrial output value produced by villages and units subordinated to villages has been added in the sector of industry. In 1993, the group ¡°sideline products¡± was cancelled; the hunting of wild animals has been classified as animal production and hunting, and the gathering of wild plants and commercial industrial businesses run by rural households have been included in agriculture. A new Standard for Classification of National Economic Sectors was introduced in 2003. According to the new classification, the group ¡°other agricultural activities¡± was cancelled; the output value of services in support of agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing is included in the gross output value of agriculture; the value of industrial output by households is excluded; output value of wood and bamboo logging is included in forestry statistics; the output value is calculated at the producer¡¯s price, namely the price at which producers sell their agricultural products for the first time; the 2004 Reporting System of National Bureau of Statistics states that, for incremental gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing, the output value and growth rate shall be calculated at comparable prices (calculation method: use the output value of groups at present prices to divide the groups¡¯ deflator, so as to get the output value at comparable prices; then add up the groups¡¯ output value to get the whole division¡¯s output value at comparable prices; in the end, add up all divisions¡¯ output value to get the gross output value at comparable prices for agriculture sector and divide the output value at comparable prices by the output value at current prices in the previous year to get the growth rate). Since 2005, the practice of using prices of 1990 as reference numbers to calculate agricultural output value has been cancelled. As historical data of agricultural production were revised after the agricultural census in 2006, revised agricultural production output value figures were presented only in divisions; and it does not meet the requirements of national reporting system to calculate the gross agricultural output value at comparable prices by divisions¡¯ deflator. Therefore, there were no figures of growth rate at comparable prices in and prior to 2005. Since 2010, the output value of nuts such as walnuts, chestnuts, gingkoes and pine nuts formerly included in forestry has been added in the output value of framing according to the new Catalog on Statistical Product Classification. In order to conduct same-caliber comparison, data in the 2009 annual report have also been adjusted accordingly.
Data on the sown area of major grain were collected by satellite remote sensing; data on grain yield were gathered through sampling survey; and the production figures on agriculture, forestry, animal production and hunting, fishing sectors were added up by complete survey, starting from the village level.
V. Adjustments to Historical Statistics
Based on results of the second agricultural census 2006, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics and NBS Survey Office in Beijing revised related historical statistics during 1997-2005 as required by the Agricultural Census Office of the State Council and in accordance with the international practice.